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Appendix H.
Church Canon and the Holocaust
Canonical And Nazi Anti-Jewish Measures
by Raul Hillberg
Source: International March of The Living. “Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust.” www.motl.org/resource/ curriculum/curriculum_4.htm, Copyright ©2002 March of the Living International, 136 East 39 Street, New York, NY 10016-0914, Tel.: 212-252-0900; Fax: 212-252-0474. All Rights Reserved.
| Canonical (Church) Law | Nazi Measure |
|---|---|
| Prohibition of intermarriage and of sexual intercourse between Christians and Jews, Synod of Elvira, 306 | Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor, September 15, 1935 |
| Jews and Christians not permitted to eat together, Synod of Elvira, 306 | Jews barred from dining cars (Transport Minister to Interior Minister, December 30, 1939) |
| Jews not allowed to hold public office, Synod of Clermont, 535 | Law for the Re-establishment of the Professional Civil Service, April 7, 1933 |
| Jews not allowed to employ Christian servants or possess Christian slaves, 3d Synod of Orleans, 538 | Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor, September 15, 1935 |
| Jews not permitted to show themselves in the streets during Passion Week, 3d Synod of Orleans, 538 | Decree authorizing local authorities to bar Jews from the streets on certain days (i.e. Nazi holidays), December 3, 1938 |
| Burning of the Talmud and other books, 12th Synod of Toledo, 681 | Book burnings in Nazi Germany |
| Christians not permitted to patronize Jewish doctors, Trulanic Synod, 692 | Decree of July 25, 1938 |
| Christians not permitted to live in Jewish homes, Synod of Narbonne, 1050 | Directive by Goring providing for concentration of Jews in houses, Dec 28, 1938 |
| Jews obliged to pay taxes for support of the Church to the same extent as Christians, Synod of Gerona, 1073 | The "Sozialausgleichsabgabe" which provided that Jews pay a special income tax in lieu of donations for Party purposes imposed on Nazis, Dec. 24, 1940 |
| Jews not permitted to be plaintiffs, or witnesses against Christians in the Courts, 3d Lateran Council, 1179 | Proposal by the Party Chancellery that Jews not be permitted to institute civil suits, September 9, 1942 |
| Jews not permitted to withhold inheritance from descendants who had accepted Christianity, 3d Lateran Council, 1179 | Decree empowering the Justice Ministry to void wills offending the "sound judgment of the people," July 31, 1938 |
| The marking of Jewish clothes with a badge, 4th Lateran Council, 1215, Canon 68 (Copied from the legislation by Caliph Omar II [634-44], who had decreed that Christians wear blue belts and Jews, yellow belts.) | Decree of September 1, 1941 requiring Jews to wear a yellow star of David |
| Construction of new synagogues prohibited, Council of Oxford, 1722 | Destruction of synagogues in entire Reich, November 10, 1938 |
| Christians not permitted to attend Jewish ceremonies, Synod of Vienna, 1267 | Friendly relations with Jews prohibited, October 24, 1941 |
| Jews not permitted to dispute with simple Christian
people about the tenets of the Catholic Religion, Synod
of Vienna, 1267 Compulsory ghettos, Synod of Breslau, 1267 |
Order by Heyrich, September 21, 1939 |
|
Christians not permitted to sell or rent real estate to
Jews, Synod of Ofen, 1279 Adoption by a Christian of the Jewish religion or return by a baptized Jew to the Jewish religion defined as heresy, Synod of Mainz, 1310 |
Decree providing for compulsory sale of Jewish real
estate, December 3, 1938 Adoption by a Christian of the Jewish religion places him in jeopardy of being treated as a Jew, June 26, 1942 |
|
Sale or transfer of Church articles to Jews prohibited, Synod
of Lavour, 1368 Jews not permitted to act as agents in the conclusion of contracts between Christians, specially marriage contracts, Council of Basel, 1434 |
Decree of July 6, 1938, providing for liquidation of Jewish real estate agencies, brokerage agencies, and marriage agencies to non-Jews. |
| Jews not permitted to obtain academic degrees, Council of Basel, 1434 | Law against overcrowding of German schools and universities, April 25, 1933 |
Excerpts from
Concerning the Jews and Their Lies
by Martin Luther, 1542
“First, their synagogues or churches should be set on fire …
“Second, their homes should likewise be broken down and destroyed. They ought to be put under one roof or in a stable, like Gypsies, in order that they may realize that they are not masters in our land, as they boast, but miserable captives …
“Third, they should be deprived of their prayer books and Talmuds in which such idolatry, lies, cursing, and blasphemy are wrought.
“Fourth, their rabbis must be forbidden under threat of death to teach any more …
“Fifth, passport and traveling privileges should be absolutely forbidden the Jews.
“Sixth, they ought to be stopped from usury. All their cash and valuables of silver and gold ought to be taken from them and put aside for safekeeping. For this reason, as said before, everything that they possess they stole and robbed from us through their usury, for they have no other means of support …
“Seventh, let the young and strong Jews and Jewesses be given the flail, the ax, the hoe, the spade, the distaff, and spindle …"
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